The era and utilization of glass plates for astrophotography was often tedious and cumbersome. Though Yerkes is home to the Great 40" telescope-the largest operational refractor in the world-most of the plates in the collection were taken using the 24-inch Ritchey reflector at Yerkes starting in 1901 or at the McDonald Observatory in western Texas. Located on the shores of Lake Geneva in southern Wisconsin and built by American astronomer and telescope maker George Ellery Hale in 1897, Yerkes Observatory also houses a collection of 150,000-200,000 glass plates. The team also wanted plates taken under excellent sky conditions, with long exposures depicting a good variety of galactic and extragalactic objects in order to gauge limiting magnitude. For the study, the Yerkes Plate Digitization Team wanted a plate ideal for calibrating both stellar brightness and the sky background, covering a swath of sky located away from the galactic plane. The team turned to a nearby source, the Yerkes Observatory. The 1903 plate (negative, with bright stars on a black background) showing the previously unnoticed supernova (circled). From there, we upload the resulting file to a website which maps the celestial coordinates onto the image, which also creates a file in a standardized format for astronomical analysis." In effect, we are considering the scanner to be a scientific instrument: for each small piece of information on the plate, we get a digital rendition of the amount of light transmitted through the photograph. Then, we set our scanner to the highest quality we can and produce an image file. "After we select a plate, we make sure the surface is clean so that dust particles don't get mistaken for stars in the final image. "The plate scanning process is actually quite simple," Will Cerny (University of Chicago) told Universe Today. Of these, only an estimated 400,000 plates have been digitized to research quality, most notably by the DASCH (the Digital Access to the Sky Century at Harvard) and the international APPLAUSE (The Archives of Photographic Plates for Astronomical USE) projects.Ī team from the University of Chicago Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and the Kavali Institute for Cosmological Astrophysics wondered if there might be an easier way to bring these old plates into the modern digital era. These were taken starting in the 1890s right up until the 1970s, when CCD (Charged Couple Device) detectors started to come online for astronomy. More than an estimated 2.4 million glass plates are out there in collections in North America alone.
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